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The U.S. Is Failing in Infant Mortality, Starting at One Month Old
Many more babies die in the United States than you might think. In 2014, more than 23,000 infants died in their first year of life, or about six for every 1,000 born. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 25 other industrialized nations do better than the United States at keeping babies alive.
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NYT > Economy
Lesson Plans - The Learning Network Blog - The New York Times
Because The Learning Network is for students 13 and older, our resources focus on understanding the massacre and its implications, but parents and teachers of younger students might find this advice, published by The Times after the Newtown shootings, more helpful. Our friends at Scholastic also offer these Resources for Responding to Violence and Tragedy.
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Reader Idea | A Home-Schooled Teenager on Learning With The Times
On this blog, we often promote the idea that The Times can be your textbook, but in the case of Kathryn Rosnau, a home-schooled 17-year-old from Canada, it literally is one. Below, she tells us about how she uses the daily paper for everything from understanding the American political system to finding writing inspiration to making sourdough bread.
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China Wins New Bragging Rights in Supercomputers
SAN FRANCISCO - A new list of the world's fastest supercomputers provides more evidence that the once-yawning technology gap between the United States and China is closing. China dominates a biannual ranking of the world's 500 fastest supercomputers, called the Top500, that was published on Monday.
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Why It's Not Time to Panic About Cellphones and Cancer
It's also odd that increased cancer was seen only in male rats and not in female rats. Do we believe that females are protected from cellphone radiation? Oddly, the male rats in the control group lived much shorter lives than expected. Do we believe that cellphone radiation exposure makes rats live longer?
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what it takes to be human

talk to artificial intelligence. enter your name here. 
 CONTINUE
introduction _

This year marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of Herbert A. Simon, a Nobel laureate in economics “for his groundbreaking research into the decision-making process within economic organizations.” Simon was also a visionary in the area of artificial intelligence, and his first notable work in the field, “The Logic Theory Machine,” from 1956, is celebrating its 60th anniversary in 2016. Co-created with Allen Newell, it described the first computer program designed to simulate the problem-solving skills of humans.


Building on Simon’s achievements in the field of artificial intelligence, we take a journey to explore the latest innovations in AI and, most importantly, its human element, to ultimately answer the controversial questions: What physical human characteristics and emotions must a robot have to make people react to it? And, obversely, Can AI recognize human emotions?


human emotions explained _

Decades have passed since Simon first explored the psychology of human cognition; today AI is more and more present in our lives, be it via customer service or pure entertainment. No matter what its application, the Holy Grail of any successful AI project is its ability to achieve seamless interaction with humans. And at the core is AI’s capability to recognize and react to emotions.

Sadness? Anger? Excitement? Curiosity? Fear? Identifying the key types – and number – of human emotions was tough even for Aristotle who, in the 4th century B.C., identified the following 14: confidence, anger, friendship, fear, calm, unkindness, shame, shamelessness, pity, kindness, indignation, emulation, enmity and envy. Later, Charles Darwin’s book “The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals” suggested that many emotional facial expressions are universal. This subsequently led to the conventional scientific understanding that there are six key emotions: happy, sad, afraid, surprised, angry and disgusted.

More recently, however, psychologists have simplified things even further. According to new research from the Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology at the University of Glasgow, people’s facial expressions, and the emotions they signal, can be reduced to four “basics”: happy, sad, afraid/surprised and angry/disgusted. These, according to the study, are the main biologically rooted facial signals, while the distinctions between surprise and fear, and between anger and disgust, appear later as more complex socially developed expressions.

Add to this the fact that we as humans are capable of experiencing more than one emotion at a time, and the task of identifying the exact nature of emotions gets even more challenging when it comes to AI and its computational models.

first, what are the basic human emotions, and why are they so important?



Sadness? Anger? Excitement? Curiosity? Fear? Identifying the key